Sahih al-Bukhari 2297
The pledge of protection given to Abu Bakr
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حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ؓ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ؛ وَقَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ:
لَمْ أَعْقِلْ أَبَوَىَّ إِلاَّ وَهُمَا يَدِينَانِ الدِّينَ. لَمْ أَعْقِلْ أَبَوَىَّ قَطُّ إِلاَّ وَهُمَا يَدِينَانِ الدِّينَ، وَلَمْ يَمُرَّ عَلَيْنَا يَوْمٌ إِلاَّ يَأْتِينَا فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيَّةً. فَلَمَّا ابْتُلِيَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ خَرَجَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُهَاجِرًا قِبَلَ الْحَبَشَةِ، حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ بَرْكَ الْغِمَادِ لَقِيَهُ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ، وَهْوَ سَيِّدُ الْقَارَةِ، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَخْرَجَنِي قَوْمِي، فَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسِيحَ فِي الأَرْضِ فَأَعْبُدَ رَبِّي. قَالَ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ: إِنَّ مِثْلَكَ لاَ يَخْرُجُ وَلاَ يُخْرَجُ، فَإِنَّكَ تَكْسِبُ الْمَعْدُومَ، وَتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ، وَتَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ، وَتَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ، وَتُعِينُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ، وَأَنَا لَكَ جَارٌ، فَارْجِعْ فَاعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ بِبِلاَدِكَ. فَارْتَحَلَ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ، فَرَجَعَ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَطَافَ فِي أَشْرَافِ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لاَ يَخْرُجُ مِثْلُهُ وَلاَ يُخْرَجُ، أَتُخْرِجُونَ رَجُلاً يُكْسِبُ الْمَعْدُومَ، وَيَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ، وَيَحْمِلُ الْكَلَّ، وَيَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ، وَيُعِينُ عَلَى نَوَائِبِ الْحَقِّ؟ فَأَنْفَذَتْ قُرَيْشٌ جِوَارَ ابْنِ الدَّغِنَةِ، وَآمَنُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَقَالُوا لاِبْنِ الدَّغِنَةِ: مُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيَعْبُدْ رَبَّهُ فِي دَارِهِ، فَلْيُصَلِّ وَلْيَقْرَأْ مَا شَاءَ، وَلاَ يُؤْذِينَا بِذَلِكَ، وَلاَ يَسْتَعْلِنْ بِهِ، فَإِنَّا قَدْ خَشِينَا أَنْ يَفْتِنَ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَنَا. قَالَ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَطَفِقَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَعْبُدُ رَبَّهُ فِي دَارِهِ، وَلاَ يَسْتَعْلِنُ بِالصَّلاَةِ وَلاَ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي غَيْرِ دَارِهِ. ثُمَّ بَدَا لأَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَابْتَنَى مَسْجِدًا بِفِنَاءِ دَارِهِ، وَبَرَزَ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ وَيَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَيَتَقَصَّفُ عَلَيْهِ نِسَاءُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَبْنَاؤُهُمْ، يَعْجَبُونَ وَيَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِ. وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَجُلاً بَكَّاءً، لاَ يَمْلِكُ دَمْعَهُ حِينَ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَأَفْزَعَ ذَلِكَ أَشْرَافَ قُرَيْشٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى ابْنِ الدَّغِنَةِ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنَّا كُنَّا أَجَرْنَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْبُدَ رَبَّهُ فِي دَارِهِ، وَإِنَّهُ جَاوَزَ ذَلِكَ، فَابْتَنَى مَسْجِدًا بِفِنَاءِ دَارِهِ، وَأَعْلَنَ الصَّلاَةَ وَالْقِرَاءَةَ، وَقَدْ خَشِينَا أَنْ يَفْتِنَ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَنَا، فَأْتِهِ؛ فَإِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَقْتَصِرَ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْبُدَ رَبَّهُ فِي دَارِهِ فَعَلَ، وَإِنْ أَبَى إِلاَّ أَنْ يُعْلِنَ ذَلِكَ فَسَلْهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَيْكَ ذِمَّتَكَ، فَإِنَّا كَرِهْنَا أَنْ نُخْفِرَكَ، وَلَسْنَا مُقِرِّينَ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ الاِسْتِعْلاَنَ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَأَتَى ابْنُ الدَّغِنَةِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَلِمْتَ الَّذِي عَقَدْتُ لَكَ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَقْتَصِرَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَرُدَّ إِلَىَّ ذِمَّتِي، فَإِنِّي لاَ أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَسْمَعَ الْعَرَبُ أَنِّي أُخْفِرْتُ فِي رَجُلٍ عَقَدْتُ لَهُ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنِّي أَرُدُّ إِلَيْكَ جِوَارَكَ، وَأَرْضَى بِجِوَارِ اللَّهِ. وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَدْ أُرِيتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ، رَأَيْتُ سَبْخَةً ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لاَبَتَيْنِ، وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ». فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ. وَتَجَهَّزَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُهَاجِرًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَلَى رِسْلِكَ، فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي». قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَلْ تَرْجُو ذَلِكَ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ». فَحَبَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَصْحَبَهُ، وَعَلَفَ رَاحِلَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا عِنْدَهُ وَرَقَ السَّمُرِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ.
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Yaḥyá b. Bukayr
- al-Layth
- ʿUqayl
- Ibn Shihāb
- ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr
- ʿĀʾishah
- Abū Ṣāliḥ
- ʿAbdullāh
- Yūnus
- al-Zuhrī
- ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr
- ʿĀʾishah
✧ I never knew my parents except that they both practiced the religion. I never knew my parents at any time except that they both practiced the religion. Not a day passed without the Messenger of Allah ﷺ coming to us at both ends of the day, morning and evening. When the Muslims were persecuted, Abu Bakr set out as an emigrant toward Abyssinia. When he reached Bark al-Ghimad, Ibn al-Daghinnah, the chief of al-Qarah, met him and asked, “Where are you going, Abu Bakr?” Abu Bakr replied, “My people have driven me out, so I intend to travel through the land and worship my Lord.” Ibn al-Daghinnah said, “A man like you should neither leave nor be driven out. You provide for the deprived, maintain ties of kinship, support the burdened, honor the guest, and help people through calamities that befall them in the cause of truth. I grant you my protection, so return and worship your Lord in your own land.” Ibn al-Daghinnah then traveled back with Abu Bakr and went among the leading disbelievers of Quraysh, saying to them, “A man like Abu Bakr should neither leave nor be driven out. Would you drive out a man who provides for the deprived, maintains ties of kinship, supports the burdened, honors the guest, and helps people through calamities that befall them in the cause of truth?” Quraysh recognized the protection granted by Ibn al-Daghinnah and gave Abu Bakr security. They said to Ibn al-Daghinnah, “Tell Abu Bakr to worship his Lord inside his house. Let him pray and recite whatever he wishes, but let him not disturb us by doing so or practice it openly, for we fear that he may tempt our sons and women.” Ibn al-Daghinnah conveyed this to Abu Bakr, so Abu Bakr began worshiping his Lord inside his house, neither praying openly nor reciting outside his house. Then Abu Bakr had another idea. He built a mosque in the courtyard of his house and went out to it, where he would pray and recite the Quran. The women and children of the idolaters began crowding around him in amazement and looking at him. Abu Bakr was a man who wept profusely and could not restrain his tears when he recited the Quran. This alarmed the leading idolaters of Quraysh, so they summoned Ibn al-Daghinnah. When he came to them, they said, “We granted Abu Bakr protection on the condition that he worship his Lord inside his house, but he has gone beyond that. He has built a mosque in the courtyard of his house and has made his prayer and recitation public. We fear that he may tempt our sons and women. Go to him. If he is willing to confine himself to worshiping his Lord inside his house, he may do so; but if he refuses to do anything but practice openly, ask him to return your guarantee of protection to you. We dislike violating the protection you granted, but we will not allow Abu Bakr to worship openly.” Aishah said: Ibn al-Daghinnah went to Abu Bakr and said, “You know the terms upon which I made an agreement with you. Either confine yourself to that or return my guarantee of protection to me, for I do not want the Arabs to hear that my protection was violated in the case of a man for whom I had made an agreement.” Abu Bakr said, “I return your protection to you and am content with the protection of Allah.” At that time, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in Makkah, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “I have been shown the land to which you will emigrate. I saw salty ground with date palms between two tracts of black volcanic rock; they are the two lava fields.” When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned this, those who emigrated set out toward Madinah, and some who had emigrated to Abyssinia returned to Madinah. Abu Bakr prepared to emigrate, but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ told him, “Wait, for I hope that I will be given permission.” Abu Bakr asked, “Do you truly hope for that? May my father be ransomed for you.” He replied, “Yes.” Abu Bakr therefore kept himself ready to accompany the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and fed two riding camels that he owned on the leaves of the samur tree for four months.
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