al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 8039
✧ The Prohibition of Anticipating the Month of Ramadan by Fasting a Day or Two and the Prohibition of Fasting the Day of Doubt
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( أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْبَزَّازُ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ( حَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِي، أَنْبَأَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثَنَا هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ:
لَا يَتَقَدَّمَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ رَمَضَانَ بِصَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَلَا يَوْمَيْنِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ صَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ رَجُلٌ فَلْيَصُمْ ذَلِكَ الصَّوْمَ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū ʿAbdullāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abū Ṭāhir al-Daqqāq Bibaghdād Anbaʾ Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Ibrāhīm b. Ayyūb al-Bazzāz
- Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbdullāh b. Muslim al-Baṣrī
- Muslim b. Ibrāhīm ḥ
- Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Muqrī Anbaʾ al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq
- Yūsuf b. Yaʿqūb al-Qāḍī
- Muslim b. Ibrāhīm
- Hishām al-Dastuwāʾī
- Yaḥyá b. Abū Kathīr
- Abū Salamah
- Abū Hurayrah
- al-Nabī ﷺ
Machine translation, not reviewed
None of you should precede Ramadan by fasting a day or two days, unless it is a fast that a man habitually observes; then let him observe that fast.
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal
ضعفوا الحديث الوارد فيه وقال أحمد وابن معين إنه منكر واستدل البيهقي بحديث الباب على ضعفه فقال الرخصة في ذلك بما هو أصح من حديث العلاء
machine translationThey declared the hadith reported on this matter weak (ḍaʿīf), and Aḥmad and Ibn Maʿīn said that it is rejected (munkar). Al-Bayhaqī used the hadith of this chapter as evidence of its weakness, saying: the concession in that matter is by means of something more authentic than the hadith of al-ʿAlāʾ.
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 8039 - Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr
فروي من وجوه من حديث سعيد بن المسيب وأبي سلمة والأعرج ومحمد بن زياد وغيرهم وهي ثابتة وسائر الطرق في هذا الحديث كلها حسان عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم
machine translationIt is narrated through several routes: from the hadith of Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab, Abū Salamah, al-Aʿraj, Muḥammad b. Ziyād and others, and it is established. All the other routes of this hadith are good (ḥasan), from the Prophet ﷺ.
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 8039 - Yaḥyá b. Maʿīn
ضعفوا الحديث الوارد فيه وقال أحمد وابن معين إنه منكر واستدل البيهقي بحديث الباب على ضعفه فقال الرخصة في ذلك بما هو أصح من حديث العلاء
machine translationThey declared the hadith reported on this matter weak (ḍaʿīf), and Aḥmad and Ibn Maʿīn said that it is rejected (munkar). Al-Bayhaqī used the hadith of this chapter as evidence of its weakness, saying: the concession in that matter is by means of something more authentic than the hadith of al-ʿAlāʾ.
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 8039
Other narrations of this report
Narrators
- The illustrious Companion, the memorizer among the Companions (ḥāfiẓ al-ṣaḥābah)d. 57 AH, or: 58 AH, or: 59 AHأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ الدَّوْسِيُّالصحابي الجليل ، حافظ الصحابةعن
- trustworthy (thiqah), a prolific narrator (mukthir)d. 94 AH, or 104 AHأَبِي سَلَمَةَثقة ، مكثرعن
- trustworthy and reliable (thiqah thabt), but he practiced tadlīs and irsāld. 129 AH or 130 AH or 132 AHيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍثقة ثبت ، لكنه يدلس ويرسلحدثنا
- Trustworthy and firmly reliable (thiqah thabt), though he was accused of belief in free will (qadar)d. 151 AH, or 152 AH, or 153 AH, or 154 AHهِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّثقة ثبت ، وقد رمي بالقدرحدثنا
- trustworthy (thiqah), dependable (maʾmūn), a prolific narrator (mukthir); he went blind at the end of his lifed. Ibn Saʿd and others said: 222 AH, in «Zahrat al-Mutaʿallimīn»: 221 AHمُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَثقة مأمون مكثر ، عمي بآخرهحدثنا
- d. 297 AHيُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِيحدثنا
- d. 346 AHالْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَأنبأ
- أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِيأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.