al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 12830
✧ Clarification of the expenditure of spoils among previous nations until Allah made it lawful for Muhammad, ﷺ
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( أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ: هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ:
غَزَا نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَقَالَ لِلْقَوْمِ: لَا يَتْبَعْنِي رَجُلٌ قَدْ كَانَ مَلَكَ بُضْعَ امْرَأَةٍ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ بِهَا وَلَمَّا يَبْنِ، وَلَا آخَرُ قَدْ بَنَى بِنَاءً لَهُ وَلَمَّا يَرْفَعْ سُقُفَهَا، وَلَا آخَرُ قَدِ اشْتَرَى غَنَمًا أَوْ خَلِفَاتٍ وَهُوَ يَنْتَظِرُ وِلَادَهَا، فَغَدَا فَدَنَا مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ حِينَ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لِلشَّمْسِ: أَنْتِ مَأْمُورَةٌ، وَأَنَا مَأْمُورٌ، اللَّهُمَّ احْبِسْهَا عَلَيَّ شَيْئًا، فَحُبِسَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَجَمَعُوا مَا غَنِمُوا، فَأَقْبَلَتِ النَّارُ لِتَأْكُلَهُ، فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَطْعَمَهُ، فَقَالَ: فِيكُمْ غُلُولٌ، فَلْيُبَايِعْنِي مِنْ كُلِّ قَبِيلَةٍ رَجُلٌ، فَبَايَعُوهُ، فَلَصِقَتْ يَدُ رَجُلٍ بِيَدِهِ، فَقَالَ: فِيكُمُ الْغُلُولُ، فَلْيُبَايِعْنِي قَبِيلَتُكَ، فَبَايَعَتْهُ قَبِيلَتُهُ، فَلَصِقَ يَدُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ، فَقَالَ: فِيكُمُ الْغُلُولُ، أَنْتُمْ غَلَلْتُمْ، قَالَ: فَأَخْرَجُوا لَهُ مِثْلَ رَأْسِ بَقَرَةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَوَضَعُوهُ فِي الْمَالِ، وَهُوَ بِالصَّعِيدِ، فَأَقْبَلَتِ النَّارُ، فَأَكَلَتْ، فَلَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللهَ رَأَى ضَعْفَنَا وَعَجْزَنَا فَطَيَّبَهَا لَنَا
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh
- Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Qaṭṭān
- Aḥmad b. Yūsuf
- ʿAbd al-Razzāq
- Maʿmar
- Hammām b. Munabbih
- Hadhā Mā
- Abū Hurayrah
- Rasūl Allāh ﷺ
Machine translation, not reviewed
A Prophet from among the Prophets went out to fight, and he said to his people: "Let no man follow me who has married a woman and wishes to consummate the marriage with her but has not yet done so, nor another who has built a house but has not yet raised its roof, nor another who has bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and is waiting for them to give birth." Then he set out and drew near to the town at the time of the ʿAṣr prayer or close to that, and he said to the sun: "You are under command, and I am under command. O Allah, hold it back for me a little." So it was held back for him until Allah gave him victory. He said: Then they gathered what they had taken as spoils, and the fire came to consume it, but it refused to eat it. He said: "There is theft from the spoils (ghulūl) among you. Let one man from each tribe pledge allegiance to me." So they pledged allegiance to him, and the hand of a man stuck to his hand. He said: "The theft is among you, so let your tribe pledge allegiance to me." So his tribe pledged allegiance to him, and the hands of two or three men stuck. He said: "The theft is among you; you have stolen." He said: So they brought out for him the like of a cow's head made of gold and placed it with the wealth, which was on the open ground. Then the fire came and consumed it. Spoils were not lawful for anyone before us; that is because Allah saw our weakness and incapacity, so He made them lawful for us.
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Narrators
- The illustrious Companion, the memorizer among the Companions (ḥāfiẓ al-ṣaḥābah)d. 57 AH, or: 58 AH, or: 59 AHأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ الدَّوْسِيُّالصحابي الجليل ، حافظ الصحابةحدثنا
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. 131 AH, or: 132 AHهَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍثقةعن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), reliable (thabt), excellent, except that there is some weakness in his narration from Thābit, al-Aʿmash, ʿĀṣim b. Abī al-Najūd and Hishām b. ʿUrwah, and likewise in what he narrated in Basrad. at the beginning of 150 AH, or: 152 AH, or: 153 AH, or: 154 AH, 155 AHمَعْمَرٌثقة ثبت فاضل ، إلا أن في روايته عن ثابت والأعمش وعاصم بن أبي النجود ، وهشام بن عروة شيئا ، وكذا فيما حدث به بالبصرةأنا
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a retentive memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), a renowned author (muṣannif); he went blind at the end of his life and his memory changed (taghayyara), and he had Shiite leanings (kāna yatashayyaʿ)d. 211 AHعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِثقة حافظ مصنف شهير ، عمي في آخر عمره فتغير ، وكان يتشيعحدثنا
- a reliable memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), trustworthy (thiqah)d. 263 AH, or 264 AHأَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَحافظ ثقةحدثنا
- أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُأنا
- d. 410 AHأَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.