Musnad Ahmad 22124

Translation

✧ Prayer was transformed in three stages, and fasting in three stages. As for the stages of prayer: the Prophet ﷺ came to Madinah and prayed toward Jerusalem for seventeen months. Then Allah sent down to him: "We have certainly seen the turning of your face toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a qiblah with which you will be pleased. So turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque. And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it." He said: So Allah directed him toward Makkah. He said: This is one stage. He said: They used to gather for prayer and call one another to it, until they almost rang a bell. He said: Then a man of the Ansar called Abd Allah b. Zayd came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, I saw in my sleep—and if I said I was not asleep I would be truthful—while I was between sleep and wakefulness, I saw a figure wearing two green garments. He faced the qiblah and said: Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest; I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, [I bear witness that there is no god but Allah], in pairs, until he finished the adhan. Then he paused for a while. He said: Then he said the like of what he had said, except that he added: The prayer is established, the prayer is established. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Teach it to Bilal, and let him call the adhan with it." Bilal was the first to give the adhan with it. He said: Umar b. al-Khattab came and said: O Messenger of Allah, the same thing came to me as came to him, except that he preceded me. These are two stages. He said: They used to come to prayer when the Prophet ﷺ had already preceded them in part of it. He said: A man would signal to another, when he came, how much he had prayed, saying: one or two [rak'ahs], and he would pray them, then join the people in their prayer. He said: Mu'adh came and said: I will never find him in a state except that I will be upon it, then I will make up what I missed. He said: He came when the Prophet ﷺ had preceded him in part of it. He said: He remained with him, and when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished his prayer, he stood and made up [what he had missed]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Mu'adh has set a precedent for you, so do as he did." These are three stages. As for the stages of fasting: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah and fasted three days of every month. Yazid said: He fasted for nineteen months, from Rabi' al-Awwal to Ramadan, three days of every month, and he fasted the day of Ashura. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, made fasting obligatory upon him, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: "O you who have believed, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you," up to this verse: "And upon those who can fast with difficulty, a ransom of feeding a poor person." He said: So whoever wished fasted, and whoever wished fed a poor person, and that sufficed him. He said: Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down the other verse: "The month of Ramadan in which the Qur'an was revealed," up to His saying: "So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it." He said: So Allah made fasting obligatory upon the resident who is healthy, and granted a concession to the sick and the traveler, and the feeding remained for the elderly who cannot fast. These are two stages. He said: They used to eat, drink, and go to their wives as long as they had not slept; but when they slept, they abstained. He said: Then a man of the Ansar called Sirmah worked while fasting until evening. He came to his family, prayed Isha, then slept without eating or drinking until morning, and woke up fasting. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him and he was extremely exhausted. He said: "Why do I see you extremely exhausted?" He said: O Messenger of Allah, I worked yesterday, then came and threw myself down and slept, and woke up fasting. He said: Umar had had relations with women—with a slave girl or a free woman—after sleeping, and he came to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned that to him. Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: "It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives," up to His saying: "Then complete the fast until nightfall." Yazid said: He fasted for nineteen months, from Rabi' al-Awwal to Ramadan.

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